PAT Testing in the UK: What It Is, Why It Matters, and How to Stay Compliant
Introduction
PAT testing (Portable Appliance Testing) is a vital part of maintaining electrical safety in homes, workplaces, and rental properties across the UK. While it isn’t always a legal requirement, failing to properly test and maintain your electrical equipment could lead to serious safety risks, insurance issues, or even legal consequences.
In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about PAT testing in the UK — including what it is, who needs it, how often it should be done, and how much it costs.
What Is PAT Testing?
Portable Appliance Testing (PAT) is the process of checking electrical appliances for safety through a combination of visual inspections and electrical tests. It applies to any device with a plug that is intended to be connected to a mains electricity supply.
Common items tested include:
Kettles, toasters, and microwaves
Computers and monitors
Extension leads
Power tools
Heaters and fans
PAT testing helps identify faults that could cause electric shocks, fires, or damage to property.
Is PAT Testing a Legal Requirement in the UK?
Strictly speaking, PAT testing is not a legal obligation. However, several UK regulations make it a legal duty to ensure all electrical equipment is safe to use. These include:
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
If you're an employer, landlord, or self-employed, you have a legal responsibility to keep electrical equipment in safe condition — and PAT testing is one of the most effective ways to demonstrate compliance.
Who Needs PAT Testing?
1. Businesses and Offices
All employers are responsible for the safety of electrical appliances used by staff and visitors.
2. Landlords and Letting Agents
Rental properties must have safe appliances, especially in furnished lets. Many local councils and insurers require evidence of PAT testing.
3. Schools, Hospitals, and Public Buildings
Public institutions must maintain rigorous safety standards and are often required to keep regular PAT testing records.
4. Self-Employed and Contractors
If you bring your own tools or equipment to a client’s premises, PAT testing shows your gear is safe and insured.
How Often Should PAT Testing Be Done?
There is no fixed rule on PAT testing frequency. The HSE recommends testing based on risk assessment, depending on:
Type of appliance
Environment of use
Frequency of use
Example Guidelines:
Appliance Type
Environment
Suggested Frequency
Office equipment
Low-risk office
Every 2–4 years
Kitchen appliances
Commercial kitchens
Annually
Power tools
Construction sites
Every 3–6 months
Portable heaters
Rental properties
Every 12 months
What Happens During a PAT Test?
Visual inspection – Check for damage to plugs, wires, and casings.
Electrical tests – Use of a PAT tester to measure insulation resistance, earth continuity, and polarity.
Labelling – Pass/fail stickers applied to each item.
Documentation – A detailed PAT testing certificate or report is provided, showing test results and due dates.
How Much Does PAT Testing Cost in the UK?
PAT testing prices vary, but average costs in the UK are:
Small offices (20–50 items): £60–£100
Landlord PAT testing (per property): £40–£80
Per item cost (bulk testing): £1–£3 per item
TIP: Most PAT testers offer discounts for bulk items and repeat contracts.
Benefits of PAT Testing
Complies with HSE regulations
Reduces risk of fire and electric shock
Demonstrates due diligence for insurance and audits
Provides peace of mind for employees and tenants
Helps avoid fines, penalties, or lawsuits
PAT Testing for Landlords in the UK
While not strictly mandated by law, PAT testing is considered best practice for landlords under:
The Housing Act 2004
Electrical Safety Standards in the Private Rented Sector (England) Regulations 2020
In Scotland, landlords are legally required to PAT test electrical appliances supplied in rental properties every five years, with a certificate provided to tenants.
Finding a Certified PAT Tester
Always hire a competent person — ideally someone with a City & Guilds 2377 qualification or equivalent. Many electricians and safety compliance companies offer PAT testing services across the UK.
Look for professionals who provide:
Fully labelled equipment
Clear documentation
Friendly service with flexible scheduling
Conclusion
While PAT testing in the UK may not be a legal requirement in itself, it’s one of the most practical and affordable ways to ensure electrical safety, avoid insurance issues, and comply with your legal obligations as a business owner, landlord, or contractor.
Need a PAT test? Contact a qualified PAT tester near you or search online for “PAT testing services UK” to find a local provider.
https://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/faq-portable-appliance-testing.htm